A part of policy making is done by a large number of people. Bureaucracy is the most common mode of organization. Certain defining characteristics exist for a good public administration. People often refer to the public administration as the bureaucracy, but a bureaucracy is a mode of administrative organization that was developed in the nineteenth century. There are certain problems with bureaucracy. Although it accurately translates leaders' decisions, and it prevents arbitrary behavior, it does not provide for local flexibility. As well as the very nature of it allows for incompetent administrators to hold their positions for a long time. Fortunately adjustments can be made to bureaucracy in order to improve it.
A significant part of the governmental power of any state is necessarily not under close political control. Good public administration should have: an honest, accurate translation of political leader's decisions into more specifically designed policies, flexibility in dealing with special cases at the point of delivery, flexibility should not be used arbitrarily, feedback of expert advice, active imagination, and assertive inquiry on the port of administrators, and efficiency.
Bureaucracy is one way to organize the public administration. It is a particular mode of administrative organization that was developed as a reform in the nineteenth century and spread widely to be the most generally used mode today. Under a system of bureaucracy; members of the public administration are promoted based on their qualifications for the jobs they are to do, special requirements of experience are set for the position, administrative procedures are standardized, clear lines of command are established, and political administrators are shielded from day to day political pressure.
Bureaucracy is particularly strong on the accurate transition of leaders' decisions and on preventing arbitrary behavior. However this means that it does not provide for local flexibility. Administrators under most version of bureaucracy tend to hold their advice until it is asked for. Another common problem of bureaucracies is a ramification of two factors. The first one is the difficulty in public transportation as compared with private business, of evaluating how well a person has performed a job, and the the second one is the requirement in a bureaucracy that administrators be shielded from direct political pressure, usually by a system of tenure. As a consequence incompetent administrators are rarely removed from their positions.
Bureaucracy is the principal mode of organization around the world. Adjustments can be made to a bureaucracy when it reaches a point where it becomes too bureaucratic. These adjustments include the office of ombudsman. An ombudsman is an official who listens to criticism and negotiates. Other adjustments include freedom of information laws, interference in administration by political leaders, and pressure from public opinion.
Bureaucracies are very common around the world. This term is so widely and commonly used that it is sometimes applied wrongly. The term bureaucracy specifically refers to a particular mode of administrative organization that was developed as a reform during the 19th century and spread widely to be the most generally used mode today. Bureaucracy has its advantages and its disadvantages. It is efficient, clear and prevents arbitrariness, but it does not provide for local flexibility and it is common for incompetent administrators to hold their positions extensively. However adjustments can be made to bureaucracy in order to improve it.
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